The Summit Board of County Commissioners held a wildfire preparedness roundtable at a special work session March 31. Representatives from local fire districts, the Summit County Sheriff’s Office, state-level agencies and more attended the meeting.
The group discussed the “risk picture” for the upcoming wildfire season, mitigation efforts, defensible space, community preparedness and fire restrictions and bans. The agenda had other topics that the group did not have time to discuss, like evacuation response and communication during incidents. Commissioner Eric Mamula asked county staff to schedule another session so the group could discuss those topics.
On several occasions, officials made the point that Summit County’s emergency response organizations have spent years preparing for a situation like the upcoming wildfire season, which could be exacerbated by a historically low winter snowpack. Matt Benedict, a Red, White and Blue Fire Protection District division chief, said the county’s fire districts are well prepared for wildfires thanks to training, capital investment and resilience initiatives.
“We talk about it in meetings all the time, that this is what we do,” Benedict said. “We are prepared. Are you?”
Dan Gibbs, the executive director of the Colorado Department of Natural Resources, started the meeting by saying the statewide snowpack is around 23% of the average and that Summit County, like most of the state, is experiencing extreme drought conditions. He said the lack of water stresses forest ecosystems and impacts agriculture, municipal water systems, recreation and tourism.
The lack of snow had one benefit for fire mitigation this year, according to Creighton “Dusty” Calfee, a U.S. Forest Service Dillon Ranger District fuels specialist. He said pile burnings can only happen before the snow gets too deep, which is usually around January. Low snow totals meant the Forest Service and other agencies could burn piles throughout more of the winter, Calfee said, and even led to the Dillon Ranger District accessing regional funds to increase efforts and take advantage.
Benedict estimated that, between the Forest Service and the county’s fire districts, Summit County saw around 6,500 pile burns this winter.
“That’s more than I can remember doing in my career,” Benedict said.
Brian Bovaird, the county’s director of emergency management, said that, in terms of fire risk this summer, “it’s pretty obvious what we’re facing.” The public has started paying attention to wildfire danger earlier than normal, Bovaird said, and his office is trying to capitalize on that attention.
Summit County has a “robust” public safety system, Bovaird said, that works on public safety issues like wildfire year-round. Bovaird said the county’s emergency services organizations are therefore preparing for this fire season the same way they would for any other.
“We get paid to think about the most extreme risk and how to respond to that,” Bovaird said.
Jay Nelson, the CEO and fire marshal of Red, White and Blue, said that new fire codes include state requirements for increased mitigation efforts in new and remodeled homes. While Summit County local governments and fire districts are working to implement the new requirements, Nelson said, the county has required some level of mitigation efforts since the 1980s, so it is “not something new to the county.”
Similarly, Benedict said that work like fuel mitigation and defensible space home assessments have been especially common in the county since pine beetles increased fear of wildfires, especially in 2007.
“We started then preparing for this year, straight up,” Benedict said. “And (for) every dry year in between then and now.”
Benedict said that fuels experts warned Summit County would have about 20 years after the peak of the beetle infestation before it would see “very aggressive fire behavior” because of the fuel build up caused by beetles killing trees. Since then, he said, the county’s fire districts have done hundreds of defensible space home assessments per year and worked with local, state and federal partners on cross-boundary fuel reduction projects.
In recent years, rising home insurance rates have led to more homeowners associations of condominium complexes getting home assessments, Benedict said. He called those assessments a “massive bang for the buck” because of how many units they contain and their location in the county’s urban centers.
Benedict and Hannah Ohlson, the Summit Fire & EMS Wildland Divisions fuel specialist, said the fire districts have worked over the years to increase their wildfire preparedness. Benedict said every firefighter in the county is trained to wildland firefighting standards and receives annual training. Ohlson said Summit Fire has five wildland specialists and is adding a hazardous fuel reduction crew this summer.
Bovaird turned the conversation toward communications, saying the county is implementing a new feature in its SCAlert system, which he said allows for detailed emergency communications, that will allow visitors to sign up for alerts just for the time they are in the county.
He also emphasized the importance of the public being engaged and aware of fire danger, saying around 85% of wildfires are human caused. Bovaird said people should take “small actions,” like fully extinguishing their campfires, making sure chains on their trailers are not dragging and causing sparks, and creating a plan of action for “when we do have a wildfire.”
“It’s not if; it’s when,” Bovaird said. “Wildfires are a natural phenomenon … are you prepared to actually listen to the direction and, in an efficient manner, get out of your home and get to a safe place?”
Adrienne Saia Isaac, the Summit County government communications director, spoke about the coordination of preemergency communications. She emphasized that messaging will aim to be simple and easy to understand while not inspiring “panic.” While the wildfire season will have high risk, she said, the county still needs tourists to visit and support local businesses.
Summit County Sheriff Jaime Fitzsimons, who also acts as the county’s fire warden, gave an overview of how fire restrictions and bans are implemented. Fitzsimons makes recommendations to the county commissioners based on certain scientific criteria, he said, and the commissioners decide whether to implement or lift restrictions.
Fitzsimons and other officials at the meeting said the relevant criteria do not yet constitute implementing fire restrictions.
Isaac wrote in an email that, with the commissioners meeting twice a month this year, if the sheriff recommends a change in fire restrictions on a week with no scheduled meeting, the board will call a special or emergency meeting to discuss the fire conditions and take a vote.